Backpacker: [美東之旅] Washington DC 林肯紀念堂、二次大戰紀念堂夜拍 (5) [背包旅行]

2010.05.31 Day 2

離開國家檔案館，又走超長超長的路去林肯紀念堂。真的很遠很遠！

位於國家大草坪的西側，華盛頓紀念碑的正對面，中間隔著國會山映像池，這座莊嚴雄偉古代希臘式的紀念堂，是為了紀念美國第十六任總統艾布拉罕˙林肯而建造的。

馬丁路德˙金著名的演講：我有一個夢《I have a dream》就是在林肯紀念堂發表演說的。

人永遠是這麼多

中央佇立著巨大林肯像

南側房間則雕刻有著名的蓋茲堡演講。也就是「of the people, by the people, for the people」的出處

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

87年前，我們的先輩在這個大陸上創建了一個新的國家。她孕育於自由之中，奉行人人生來平等的信條。

現在我們正進行一場偉大的內戰，以考驗這個國家，或者任何一個孕育於自由和奉行人人生來平等信條的國家是否能夠長久堅持下去。我們相聚在這場戰爭的一個偉大戰場上，我們來到這裡把這戰場的一部分奉獻給那些為國家生存而捐軀的人們，作為他們最後的安息之所。我們這樣做是完全適合的、恰當的。但是，從更高的意義上說，我們是不能奉獻，不能聖化，也不能神化這片土地的，因為那些曾經在這裡戰鬥過的人們，活著的和死去的人們，已經聖化了這片土地，他們所做的遠非我們的微薄之力所能揚抑。這個世界不大會注意也不會長久記得我們今天在這裡所說的話，但是，它永遠不會忘記勇士們在這裡所做的事。

毋寧說，我們活著的人，應該獻身於留在我們面前的偉大任務：從這些光榮的死者身上汲取更多的獻身精神，以完成他們精誠所至的事業；我們在此下定最大的決心，以不讓死者白白犧牲；讓這個國家在上帝的保佑下獲得自由的新生；讓這個民有、民治、民享的政府與世長存。

林肯連任總統二次發表演講

Fellow-Countrymen:
AT this second appearing to take the oath of the Presidential office there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper. Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented. The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured.

On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All dreaded it, all sought to avert it. While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the Union without war, urgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war—seeking to dissolve the Union and divide effects by negotiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.

同胞們：

在這第二次諠誓就任總統時，我不必像第一次那樣發表長篇演說。當時，對於將要執行的方針作出比較詳盡的說明似乎是恰當而適宜的。現在，4年任期已滿，對於這場仍然吸引著全國關注並佔用了闊國力量的重大鬥爭的每一重要關頭和方面，這4年間已不斷地發佈公告，因此我沒有什麼新情況可以奉告。我們軍隊的進展是其它一切的主要依靠，公眾和我一樣都清楚地羵柒軍隊進展的憎況，我深信，大家對之都是感到滿意和鼓舞的，我們雖對未來抱有極大掂望，卻下敢作出任何預測。4年前我就任總統時，同胞們的思想都焦急地集合在日益迫近的內戰上，大家都害怕內戰，都想避免內戰，當我在這個地方發表就職演說，竭盡全力想不經過戰爭來拯救聯邦時，叛亂分子卻在這個城市臘謀不經過戰爭來毀滅聯邦——企圖以談判方式解散聯邦並分割財產。雙方都表現支持戰爭，但一方寧願發動戰爭而下借犧牲國家，另一方則寧可接受戰爭也不肯讓國家滅亡，於是戰爭就爆發了。

One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with or even before the conflict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding. Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own purposes. "Woe unto the world because of offenses; for it must needs be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense cometh." If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said "the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether."

我國全部人沮的八分之一是黑人奴隸，它們並不是遍佈於聯邦各地，而是集合在聯邦喃部。這些奴隸構成了一種特殊的、重大的利益。大家都知道，這種利益由於某種原因竟成了這次戰爭的本源。叛亂者的目的是加強、永保和擴大這種利益，為此它們下惜用戰爭來分裂聯邦，而政府卻只是諠布有權限制享有這種利益的地區的擴大。雙方都沒虞廢到戰爭竟會達到如此規模，歷時如此長久。雙方也沒有預期衝突的本源會隨著衝突本身而消除，甚至會提前消除。各方都期望贏得輕鬆些，期望結局不至於那麼涉及根本，那麼驚人。雙方同讀一本《聖經》，向同一個上帝祈禱，而且都乞求上帝的幫助來與對方為敵。看來十分奇怪，居然有人敢要求公正的上帝幫助它們從別人臉上的汗水中搾取麵包，但是我們且勿評論別人，以免被人評論。雙方的禱告不可能都應驗。也沒有一方的禱告全部得到應驗。全能的上帝有它自己的意旨。「這世界有禍了，因為將人絆倒，絆倒人的事是免不了的，但那絆倒人的有禍了。」如果我們設想美國的奴隸制是按照天意必然來到的罪惡之一，並且在上帝股的時間內繼續具有，而現在上帝要璵以剷除，於是它就把這場可怕的戰爭作為犯罪者應受的災害加諸喃北雙方，那麼，我們能看出其中有任何違背天意之處嗎？相信上帝永存的人總是把無意歸於上帝的。我們深情地期望，虔誠地禱告，這場巨大的戰爭災禍能夠很快地過去，但是如果上帝要它繼續下去，直至奴隸們250年來無償勞動所積聚的財富全部毀滅，或如人們在三千年前說過的，直至鞭於下流出的每一滴血都要用劍下流出的每一滴血來歸還，那麼今毯鴕們還得說：「主的審判是完全正確和公正的。」

With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations

對任何人不懷惡意，對一切人心存寬厚，堅持正義，因為上帝使我們看到了正義，讓我們繼續努力完成正在從事的事葉，包紮好國家賭創傷，關心那些肩負戰爭重任的人，照顧它們的遺孀孤兒，去做能在我們自己中間和與一切國家掇造並保持公正持久和平的一切事情。

隔著國會山映像池的林肯紀念堂